三字經(jīng)講義：稻梁菽，麥?zhǔn)蝠ⅲ肆龋怂场?/title> <meta name="keywords" content="三字經(jīng)講義：稻梁菽，麥?zhǔn)蝠ⅲ肆龋怂场?> <meta name="description" content="閱讀是一種主動的過程，是由閱讀者根據(jù)不同的目的加以調(diào)節(jié)控制的，陶冶人們的情操，提升自我修養(yǎng)。以下是小編幫大家整理的三字經(jīng)講義：稻梁菽，麥?zhǔn)蝠ⅲ肆龋怂常瑲g迎大家分享。　　稻子、高梁、豆子、麥、黍(黃米)、稷(小米)稱作“六谷”，是我們?nèi)祟愃秤玫闹魇场Ｖ袊卮笪锊鞯氐臍夂颉⑺痢⒚袂椴煌霎a(chǎn)的谷物和食用的主食也各不相同。　　“黍稷”是古代中國，特別是黃河流域地區(qū)，最主要的兩種糧食作物。黍是比小米稍大、煮熟以后有黏性的一種黃米"> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <link href="http://m.wanxinxiedian.com/static/css/article.6.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript">if((navigator.userAgent.match(/(phone|pad|pod|mobile|ios|android|BlackBerry|MQQBrowser|JUC|Fennec|wOSBrowser|BrowserNG|WebOS|symbian|transcoder)/i))){window.location = window.location.href.replace(/\/\/www./, "http://m.");}</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://m.wanxinxiedian.com/static/js/p.js"></script> <meta 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<p>三字經(jīng)講義：稻梁菽，麥?zhǔn)蝠ⅲ肆龋怂场?/p><p>　　閱讀是一種主動的過程，是由閱讀者根據(jù)不同的目的加以調(diào)節(jié)控制的，陶冶人們的情操，提升自我修養(yǎng)。以下是小編幫大家整理的三字經(jīng)講義：稻梁菽，麥?zhǔn)蝠ⅲ肆龋怂常瑲g迎大家分享。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" src="/uploads/00/c8fdd7d6bead3_2.jpg" alt="三字經(jīng)講義：稻梁菽，麥?zhǔn)蝠ⅲ肆龋怂场?/></p><p>　　稻子、高梁、豆子、麥、黍(黃米)、稷(小米)稱作“六谷”，是我們?nèi)祟愃秤玫闹魇场Ｖ袊卮笪锊鞯氐臍夂颉⑺痢⒚袂椴煌霎a(chǎn)的谷物和食用的主食也各不相同。</p><p>　　“黍稷”是古代中國，特別是黃河流域地區(qū)，最主要的兩種糧食作物。黍是比小米稍大、煮熟以后有黏性的一種黃米，因為要在大暑節(jié)氣下種，故稱為黍。</p><p>　　稷又稱為粟、谷子、小米，秋種夏熟，要經(jīng)歷四時，似四時之祭，故稱為稷。梁是高粱，因其性涼故稱為梁，有青黃白三種，都可以釀酒。</p><p>　　菽是豆類的總稱，包括青赤黃白黑各種豆類。麥子有大麥、小麥、燕麥、黑麥等，秋種夏實，農(nóng)歷四月前后是麥?zhǔn)旒竟?jié)，五月就到麥?zhǔn)樟恕?/p><p>　　中國人歷來講究五谷豐登，莊子形容姑射山上的神人，也用了“不食五谷，吸風(fēng)飲露”的話;但是這里有提到“此六谷，人所食”。</p><p>　　五谷與六谷的說法有什么不同之處呢?簡單地說，五谷中不包括稻子，上古時期的中國人集中生活于黃河流域，而長江以北地區(qū)是不種稻子的。</p><p>　　據(jù)文獻記載，稻子是在唐太宗祥符年間從南方占城國引進的品種，為紀(jì)念此事，將稻米稱作粘谷，粘者占城國之米也。因此，中國北方早期沒有稻子，只有“黍稷菽麥麻”五谷(《漢書?食貨志》)。</p><p>　　但是，近年來的一系列考古發(fā)現(xiàn)證明，中國是世界上最早開始種植水稻的國家。例如，湖南省株洲市的云陽大地澤文化遺址，出土了新石器時代的陶器，內(nèi)有距今五千一百五十年的稻種標(biāo)本;浙江省余姚縣的河姆渡文化遺址出土的稻種標(biāo)本，距今有七千余年。</p><p>　　最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是一九九四年在湖南省道縣玉蟾巖文化遺址，出土了目前全世界保存最好、最早的人工稻種。經(jīng)同位素炭十四測定，這些金黃色的稻種實物，距今已有一萬四千多年的歷史了。</p><p>　　黃帝距今有五千年的歷史，但種植五谷、從事農(nóng)業(yè)活動并不是從黃帝時代開始的，而是從神農(nóng)氏時代就開始了。</p><p>　　伏羲氏至今有一萬二千年至一萬四千年的歷史，伏羲氏至黃帝時代也有七千余年，其間尚有神農(nóng)氏時代，神農(nóng)氏距今至少也有九千的歷史。</p><p>　　我們中國人要相信自己的祖先，相信自己的歷史，不要做自貶祖先、自己縮短自己歷史的蠢事。這也同時證明了，中國以農(nóng)業(yè)立國的歷史太悠久了，至少有九千年。</p><p><strong>　　簡介</strong></p><p>　　《三字經(jīng)》中有些句子很熟悉了，比如開篇的“人之初，性本善，性相近，習(xí)相遠。”還有“玉不琢，不成器，人不學(xué)，不知義。”然而，往下讀，不說不熟，壓根就陌生——從沒完整讀過。</p><p>　　通讀的過程中非常感慨，我們小時候怎么沒教這個呢？好多知識現(xiàn)在才知道，那簡單幾百個字串起來的歷史，如果小時候背下來，上學(xué)的時候該多輕松……這文化大餐吃下去，才是嬴在了起跑線呢！</p><p>　　蒙學(xué)啟蒙“三百千”中，《百家姓》沒有姓氏以外的內(nèi)容，單調(diào)；《千字文》雖盡力編排歸納，因受字?jǐn)?shù)限制，扯到的面廣，但不全，且顯零亂；因為過于“節(jié)儉”，內(nèi)容有些地方較晦澀，牽強。</p><p>　　《三字經(jīng)》感覺是最好的一篇，除了瑯瑯上口，內(nèi)容相對較全面，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰順暢。首段論教育的重要性，接著禮儀孝弟、自然人文常識、文化經(jīng)典、朝代更迭、歷史人物，最終又回到“茍不學(xué)，曷為人？”勸學(xué)上。</p><p>　　《三字經(jīng)》最早為宋代學(xué)者王應(yīng)麟先生所作。因為編得太好，流傳甚廣甚久。后世元、明、清三朝在此基礎(chǔ)上做了增補，也因此《三字經(jīng)》版本較多。據(jù)說清朝道光年間刊行的版本最為流行，便選了這版，共1140字。</p><p><strong>　　《三字經(jīng)》清1140字版本</strong></p><p>　　人之初，性本善，性相近，習(xí)相遠。</p><p>　　茍不教，性乃遷，教之道，貴以專。</p><p>　　昔孟母，擇鄰處，子不學(xué)，斷機杼。</p><p>　　竇燕山，有義方，教五子，名俱揚。</p><p>　　養(yǎng)不教，父之過，教不嚴(yán)，師之惰。</p><p>　　子不學(xué)，非所宜，幼不學(xué)，老何為？</p><p>　　玉不琢，不成器，人不學(xué)，不知義。</p><p>　　為人子，方少時，親師友，習(xí)禮儀。</p><p>　　香九齡，能溫席，孝于親，所當(dāng)執(zhí)。</p><p>　　融四歲，能讓梨，弟于長，宜先知。</p><p>　　首孝弟，次見聞，知某數(shù)，識某文。</p><p>　　一而十，十而百，百而千，千而萬。</p><p>　　三才者，天地人，三光者，日月星。</p><p>　　三綱者，君臣義，父子親，夫婦順。</p><p>　　曰春夏，曰秋冬，此四時，運不窮。</p><p>　　曰南北，曰西東，此四方，應(yīng)乎中。</p><p>　　曰水火，木金土，此五行，本乎數(shù)。</p><p>　　曰仁義，禮智信，此五常，不容紊。</p><p>　　稻粱菽，麥?zhǔn)蝠ⅲ肆龋怂场?/p><p>　　馬牛羊，雞犬豬，此六畜，人所飼。</p><p>　　曰喜怒，曰哀懼，愛惡欲，七情具。</p><p>　　匏土革，木石金，絲與竹，乃八音。</p><p>　　高曾祖，父而身，身而子，子而孫。</p><p>　　自子孫，至元曾，乃九族，人之倫。</p><p>　　父子恩，夫婦從，兄則友，弟則恭。</p><p>　　長幼序，友與朋，君則敬，臣則忠。</p><p>　　此十義，人所同。</p><p>　　凡訓(xùn)蒙，須講究，祥訓(xùn)詁，明句讀。</p><p>　　為學(xué)者，必有初，小學(xué)終，至四書。</p><p>　　論語者，二十篇，群弟子，記善言。</p><p>　　孟子者，七篇止，講道德，說仁義。</p><p>　　作中庸，子思筆，中不偏，庸不易。</p><p>　　作大學(xué)，乃曾子，自修齊，至平治。</p><p>　　孝經(jīng)通，四書熟，如六經(jīng)，始可讀。</p><p>　　詩書易，禮春秋，號六經(jīng)，當(dāng)講求。</p><p>　　有連山，有歸藏，有周易，三易祥。</p><p>　　有典謨，有訓(xùn)誥，有誓命，書之奧。</p><p>　　我周公，作周禮，著六官，存治體。</p><p>　　大小戴，注禮記，述圣言，禮樂備。</p><p>　　曰國風(fēng)，曰雅頌，號四詩，當(dāng)諷詠。</p><p>　　詩既亡，春秋作，寓褒貶，別善惡。</p><p>　　三傳者，有公羊，有左氏，有谷梁。</p><p>　　經(jīng)既明，方讀子，撮其要，記其事。</p><p>　　五子者，有荀揚，文中子，及老莊。</p><p>　　經(jīng)子通，讀諸史，考世系，知終始。</p><p>　　自羲農(nóng)，至黃帝，號三皇，居上世。</p><p>　　唐有虞，號二帝，相揖遜，稱盛世。</p><p>　　夏有禹，商有湯，周文武，稱三王。</p><p>　　夏傳子，家天下，四百載，遷夏社。</p><p>　　湯伐夏，國號商，六百載，至紂亡。</p><p>　　周武王，始誅紂，八百載，最長久。</p><p>　　周撤東，王綱墜，逞干戈，尚游說。</p><p>　　始春秋，終戰(zhàn)國，五霸強，七雄出。</p><p>　　嬴秦氏，始兼并，傳二世，楚漢爭。</p><p>　　高祖興，漢業(yè)建，至孝平，王莽篡。</p><p>　　光武興，為東漢，四百年，終于獻。</p><p>　　魏蜀吳，爭漢鼎，號三國，迄兩晉。</p><p>　　宋齊繼，梁陳承，為南朝，都金陵。</p><p>　　北元魏，分東西，宇文周，與高齊。</p><p>　　迨至隋，一土宇，不再傳，失統(tǒng)緒。</p><p>　　唐高祖，起義師，除隋亂，創(chuàng)國基。</p><p>　　二十傳，三百載，梁滅之，國乃改。</p><p>　　梁唐晉，及漢周，稱五代，皆有由。</p><p>　　炎宋興，受周禪，十八傳，南北混。</p><p>　　遼與金，皆稱帝，元滅金，絕宋世。</p><p>　　蒞中國，兼戎狄，九十年，國祚廢。</p><p>　　太祖興，國大明，號洪武，都金陵。</p><p>　　迨成祖，遷燕京，十七世，至崇禎。</p><p>　　權(quán)閹肆，寇如林，至李闖，神器焚。</p><p>　　清太祖，膺景命，靖四方，克大定。</p><p>　　廿一史，全在茲，載治亂，知興衰。</p><p>　　讀史者，考實錄，通古今，若親目。</p><p>　　口而誦，心而惟，朝于斯，夕于斯。</p><p>　　昔仲尼，師項橐，古圣賢，尚勤學(xué)。</p><p>　　趙中令，讀魯論，彼既仕，學(xué)且勤。</p><p>　　披蒲編，削竹簡，彼無書，且知勉。</p><p>　　頭懸梁，錐刺股，彼不教，自勤苦。</p><p>　　如囊螢，如映雪，家雖貧，學(xué)不輟。</p><p>　　如負薪，如掛角，身雖勞，猶苦卓。</p><p>　　蘇老泉，二十七，始發(fā)奮，讀書籍。</p><p>　　彼既老，猶悔遲，爾小生，宜早思。</p><p>　　若梁灝，八十二，對大廷，魁多士。</p><p>　　彼既成，眾稱異，爾小生，宜立志。</p><p>　　瑩八歲，能詠詩，泌七歲，能賦棋。</p><p>　　彼穎悟，人稱奇，爾幼學(xué)，當(dāng)效之。</p><p>　　蔡文姬，能辨琴，謝道韞，能詠吟。</p><p>　　彼女子，且聰敏，爾男子，當(dāng)自警。</p><p>　　唐劉晏，方七歲，舉神童，作正字。</p><p>　　彼雖幼，身已仕，爾幼學(xué)，勉而致。</p><p>　　有為者，亦若是。</p><p>　　犬守夜，雞司晨，茍不學(xué)，曷為人？</p><p>　　蠶吐絲，蜂釀蜜，人不學(xué)，不如物。</p><p>　　幼而學(xué)，壯而行，上致君，下澤民。</p><p>　　揚名聲，顯父母，光于前，裕于后。</p><p>　　人遺子，金滿籯，我教子，惟一經(jīng)。</p><p>　　勤有功，戲無益，戒之哉，宜勉力。</p><div 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